31 蒋小平
高考英语阅读常见题型及解题技巧
湖南省衡阳县职业中专 蒋小平
在英语阅读理解中，迅速掌握和正确理解文章的主旨大意是我们考生必须具有的基本技能之一。文章的主旨和大意是写作意图的集中反映，也是对全文内容恰当的概括，这种概括能够涵盖全文的内容，但又不是文章的局部或部分内容。与此同时，它又必须具有一定的局限性，而不是概念的无限扩大，变得空洞而无实际的内容。
一、归纳主旨题：即考查考生对文章的主题、标题和中心思想的理解程度及辨别主要和次要信息的能力。
（一）常见题型：
The best title/headline for this passage might be _______.
The text/passage could be entitled ________.
What is the best title for the passage ?
This passage chiefly deals with ______ .
What’s the topic of the article ?
What is the subject discussed in the text ?
The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is______ .
The passage is meant to ________.
The purpose of this article is _______.
（二）归纳主旨题解题技巧
（1）标题特点：①独特新颖；②涵盖性强；③短小精炼。
(2)解题技巧：题目判断方法是寻找主题句或主题段落，从开头、中间或结尾概括，没有主题句的药从全文大意来概括。
①主题句出现在开头。模式：总——分——分（演绎法）即开门见山。新闻报道、说明文、议论文常用此方式。
例如：Passage 1
(NMET2005 Passage A) Pets owners are being encouraged to take their animals to work, a move scientist say it can be good for productivity, workplace moral ,and the well-being of animals…
The best title for this text could be_______.
A. Pets Help Attract Customs
B. Your Favorite Office Pets
C. Pets Join the Workforce
D. Busy Life For Pets
分析:科学家认为鼓励养宠物者带着宠物区上班是有助于提高工作效率、士气和宠物健康的举动。因此，答案显然是C。
例如：Passage 2（2008年湖南卷D 篇第一段）
Celebrity(名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture . Fans used to be crazy about a specific film ,but now the public tends to base its consumption(消费) on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product .Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover because the don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result , celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential , moving from advertising for other’ products to developing their own.
72、The passage is mainly about _________.
A. celebrity and personal style
B. celebrity and market potential
C. celebrity and fashion design
D. celebrity and clothing industry
分析: 文章的第一句表明了本文的主题：名人已成为流行文化重要的代表，所以本题的正确答案是选项B .celebrity and market potential （名人与市场潜力）因为它很好地概括了本文的主题内容。选项 A. celebrity and personal style （名人与个人风格）、选项C. celebrity and fashion design (名人与时装设计) 和选项D. celebrity and clothing industry （名人与服装行业）都是文章各段的细节内容，均不能对全文进行概括。
② 主题句出现在结尾模式：分——分——总 （归纳法）即先摆事实，后作结论，这种情况最常出现在议论文和说明文之中，常采用归纳法写作，即前面几段分述细节和解释说明，最后一段归纳要点，得出结论和概括主题，属于这种结构的文章的主题句一般安排在文章的结尾，作为对全篇的总结。
例如： A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly ,strong. Indeed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage ; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size , because he can do so many different things with his limps .Man’s games show how he can control his own body . No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man : more has such varied grace ;very few lives as long as he ; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threatened them .
二、经验总结
1、把握逻辑结构
提高这方面的能力对于阅读议论货说明文尤为重要，在此类文章中常用某个细节来引出题目从而进行议论，在议论的过程中可能会出现一些论据或细节描述，这部分常被设置为此类试题的干扰项。
2、找准主题句
主题句通常在文章句首，句中或句末，主题句表达中心思想，起主导作用，阅读时要对容易出现主题句的地方特别注意，主旨大意题的错误选项有以下一些特点：
以偏概全。只是局部信息或者是句没展开论述的话。
过于笼统。即归纳的主题太宽泛，与细节脱节脱节或者是没有对细节加以论述。
把观点强加于作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。
无关信息。即在文章中没有提到或者找不到语言根据的信息。
